The Leader Competencies For Face Interactions And Virtual...

Studies agree that the leader competencies for face-to-face interactions and virtual interactions overlap (Dennis, Meola, Hall, 2013; Eissa, Fox, Webster, Kim, 2012; Madlock, 2012; Politis, 2014; Tartell, 2015). There are many similarities but also differences. For example, performance metrics used by leaders to evaluate projects and leadership competencies change drastically when the virtual environment is introduced (p. 49). The research highlighted that strategic leaders must be able to demonstrate, then be able to identify, leader competencies such as interpersonal skills and management skills, along with understanding the degree to which these skills are required for different strategic objectives (Orhan, 2014). Finally,†¦show more content†¦83). Cultivating a culture of connectedness requires the ability to keep the task in view while deepening virtual communications using creative methods for active listening and asking probing questions or clarifying questions (Tartell, 2015, p. 10). Virtual communications are also challenged by the sense of anonymity which lends itself to increased social loafing (Zhang, Chen, Latimer, 2011, p. 107). Leadership Skills and Traits. As the degree to which an organization is virtual increases so does the need for the leadership skill of conflict-management (De Paoli Ropo, 2015, p. 65). This stands to reason, since an increase in the virtual nature of an organization leads to an increase in the number of communication channels (Smith, 2014, p. 24). With these challenges in mind, studies show that there are certain personality traits that are important for virtual leaders (Eissa, Fox, Webster, Kim, 2012, pp. 12-14). Savolainen explained that e-leadership requires the ability to communicate presence, tone, and mood in the absence of body language but with the use of technology-mediated communication (Savolainen, 2014, p. 47). Another study found that while there are definitely overlapping traits that are important for both face-to-face and virtual leadership, leaders who work in highly virtual environments are challenged to apply them differently (Dennis, Meola, Hall, 2013, p. 4 8).

The Stuxnet Virus free essay sample

Historic data shows that Iran accounted for almost sixty percent of the early infections. According to Siemens, 15 of its customers were identified as having detected the worm on their systems as of Sept. 14. Stuxnet used stolen digital certificates from Realtek Semiconductor and JMicron Technology to legitimately slip through and hide. The certificates also helped keep Stuxnet under the radar. 1. 1 Why are all the fingers pointing to the United States and Israel? Most cyber security experts who have researched this complex attack call it a joint U. S. Israeli operation, which may have also included Germany and Great Britain. It is also a well known fact which, incidentally, has not been denied by either the US. or Israel, that Israeli intelligence tested aspects of the worm using centrifuges identical to Irans at Israel’s Dimona complex. Even Siemens the German company cooperated with Idaho National Laboratories in the US to identify the vulnerabilities of computer controllers that the company sells to operate industrial machinery around the world. We will write a custom essay sample on The Stuxnet Virus or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Not too long afterwards, those very vulnerabilities were exploited by Stuxnet. . Why a Cyber Attack? Cyber warfare requires intellect not military might and a country does not have to be a military superpower to wage a cyber attack. Cyber attack tracks are much easier to cover and are easily attributable to another entity. While cyber attacks are only recently been declared by our military and political leadership as acts of war, compared to an actual physical military attack on another country life can go on as usual for most of the citizens on both sides of the conflict without the slightest idea that their country is at war. It does not cost billions of dollars to run or manage and is hardly a long-term commitment of hundreds of thousands of troops and the logistics to support them and their equipment at the front lines. In case of Iran, a cyber attack was the most viable option available to global powers because the Iranian regime did not hesitate to make threats against the United States and Israel should it have been attacked militarily to make it stop trying to produce nuclear weapons. 2. 1 What exactly is Stuxnet designed to do? Graphic: Courtesy of The New York Times, January 15, 2011 Stuxnet is the first malware of its type designed to cross over the cyber – industrial divide and attacking critical infrastructure like power stations and electricity grids. On 26 September 2010, Irans state news agency reported that computers at its Bushehr nuclear power plant had been infected. The New York Times article, Israeli Test on Worm called Crucial in Iran Nuclear Delay, describes the complex function of Stuxnet in very simple terms: â€Å"One part of the program is designed to lie dormant for long periods, and then speed up the machines so that the spinning rotors in the centrifuges wobble and then destroy themselves. Another part, called a â€Å"man in the middle† in the computer world, sends out those false sensor signals to make the system believe everything is running smoothly. That prevents a safety system from kicking in, which would shut down the plant before it could self-destruct. † The same article further quotes Ralph Langer, widely credited for having solved Stuxnet, as saying: â€Å"Code analysis makes it clear hat Stuxnet is not about sending a message or proving a concept,† and later saying â€Å"It is about destroying its targets with utmost determination in military style. † Stuxnet was designed to seek out its target, cripple it beyond repair without causing any collateral damage; stay lurking in the shadows to continue to strike, all without leaving any conclusive evidence of who sent it on its mission in the first place. Needless to say, it succeeded in its mission. 2. 2 How effective was Stuxnet and why? To sit remotely, thousands of miles away and receive an email update from your smart malware that it has disabled your enemy’s commercial power grid says something about the power and effectiveness of this new weapon of cyber warfare. By most accounts and estimates damage from the Stuxnet virus has apparently set back the Iranian nuclear program by at least two years. This makes the virus as effective as a military strike, perhaps even more; all this without loss of life, collateral damage, or risk of a full-blown war. 3. History and future of nation state cyber warfare According to the Council on Foreign Relations, although few countries beyond the well-known players like China, Russia, and Israel and a handful of others have historically possessed the capability to launch a full scale cyber attack along the lines of the Stuxnet attack, over one hundred countries have begun to organize cyber warfare units. (Masters, 2011, sec. 2) Across the world, countries are either engaged in cyber battles with their arch enemies or gearing up to bolster their defenses against cyber warfare.

J Qubec free essay sample

Should school uniforms be abolished? Against A uniform is a distinguishing symbol of a school and gives a sense of belonging to all the students who wear it * A uniform is a distinguishing mark of a school and gives a sense of belonging. * If dress is standardized, the wealthier students would have no scope to outdo the poorer ones. This prevents the development of inferior and resentful feelings among the less fortunate. * Some students inappropriately wear bold colors and daring fashion bordering on indecency. * Uniforms are inexpensive. They are usually chosen for their durability. * Students are equal with uniforms. * I think that school uniform shouldnt be banned in schools. * No, I dont think so. The reason for this is because if people wear different clothes (like some wear designer brands and others dont), it may cause bullying and discrimination. Also, schools uniforms help make students look equal which is good. We will write a custom essay sample on J Qubec or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Also, if you go on a school trip its easier to recognize which children belong to which school, so if they get lost someone can easily help them. * school uniforms must not be banned n the motion, should school uniforms be banned, i greatly disagree on that. That’s a very big shame on their side. School uniforms must not be banned because uniform is one of the sign which the school prepared for their students to be categorized by other peoples. We all know, that their parents are hard working for them to educate their children in school that requires uniform. we also have to think about them. Another one is, when a student’s wear their uniforms, it’s a sign of formality, because these uniforms are clothes that represent their school and success. * NO No i dont think school uniforms should be banned because some people can not afford much clothes and for students who have to where a school uniform they are lucky that they dont have i look for things to wear or worry about being teased because they dont have any new clothes or anything. i think having a uniform is a good thing * If uniforms are forced upon students then why should the students have to pay? Going along with this idea, think of all the impoverished families out there who are spending all their money on giving their child a good education by sending them to private school, or a school that requires uniform. Do they really need their less fortunate children to be teased and bullies by the more fortunate children in school for their tattered or worn clothing that represents their parents economic status? Uniforms help to make all the student body equal, especially in this day and age when even the youngest kids can be so spiteful and cold to their peers. * Parents Should Switch Schools If They Dont Like It Many private schools have uniform requirements and strict dress codes. If parents dont like their kids wearing uniforms, they can simply switch schools. This is America with the freedom to choose. The same is true for private schooling. No one has to attend one particular school over another. School uniforms shouldnt be banned whatsoever simply because its a free world. * Shouldnt be banned.. When I was in school, I always thought the idea of school uniforms was silly. Now that I am older, I feel like this concept is a good idea. In public schools, there is such a wide variety of families from low income, to middle class, to wealthy. Unfortunately, in todays society, so many pay attention to their appearance. I think kids whos parents cant afford the name brand clothes begin to feel bad and have lower self esteem. If everyone has to dress the same, they have nothing to compare themselves to. * No, I believe school uniforms should not be banned because they create equality among students. I believe that school uniforms should be more widely used and not banned because it creates equality among children and takes away the status quo. By removing labels from clothing more than just the problem of inequality is prevented. It also solves many instances of bullying, parental stress, and childhood depression for starters. I believe all children deserve acceptance, and with school uniforms it gives them an advantage. Why take this advantage away? * For! * The adolescent is denied the freedom of choice which is the right of every individual. * It denies the adolescent the opportunity to use discretion, form judgements and exercise responsibility. * It is a form of regimentation not in accordance with democratic ideals. * Uniforms can be restrictive in times of climatic variation. * uniforms are horrible and expensive. I think they should be because uniforms are horrible and expensive. Uniforms are horrible. They are bland. Every day its the same thing. Schools could have allocated days for uniforms. For example, going on an excursion, a check-up day or even a formal assembly. School uniforms usually cost a lot of money. A school jumper is probably one hundred dollars and the whole uniform is likely to be more than five hundred dollars. Children dont have to wear expensive clothes. If theyre getting teased by their friends because theyre not wearing designer clothes, they are not true friends and they can easily move away from the group. All my t-shirts are less than thirty dollars most of the time because I dont have a lot of money. I dont see anyone teasing me. * * They cause lack of expression in students. Do you express you through the way you dress? Most students do thats the only way some students can. Other students from other schools make fun of the school uniforms that some schools have. Witch causes trouble adjusting to being an adult. Witch affects a student or adult to stutter in day to day task * We all have a right to wear random clothing. Casual clothing expresses someones fashion on how they can be. If you wear school uniform, you have to pay for it. It may cost about $20 or more then you may grow out of that size and you have to pay for it again and again. What a waste of money when you could be spending that money for something in great need, dont you agree with me? So thats why I think wearing school uniforms should be banned. * * We all have a right to wear random clothing. We all have a right to wear random clothing. Casual clothing expresses someones fashion on how they can be. If you wear school uniform, you have to pay for it. It may cost about $20 or more then you may grow out of that size and you have to pay for it again and again. What a waste of money when you could be spending that money for something in great need, dont you agree with me? So thats why I think wearing school uniforms should be banned. * School Uniforms Send the Wrong Message While uniforms undeniable create some equality among students, they also give pupils the wrong idea. Uniforms are teaching kids that whenever they face diversity, the solution is to simply make everyone the same. This is a problem, especially since some differences, like race or size, cannot be changed. School uniforms should be banned because they give students the wrong idea. * * School uniform should not be compulsory at public schools Because people go to public schools to save money and uniforms and saving money it just puts you in dept for something you dont want to wear, which is a BIIIIIGGGG waste of money for something they dont enjoy wearing or look good in also some teachers dont like the uniform * * The belief that school uniforms give a sense of equality among students is only true to a certain extent. First, it only gives equality to students who are studying in the same school. Based on my personal experience, there is no equality at all when students from many different schools are gathered in one place. When this happens, one could see a lot of differences. Some are wearing the uniform of an obscure school, some are wearing the uniform of an average school, while some others are wearing the uniform of an elite school. By looking at this alone, we do not need to be a neurosurgeon to see that equality is absent here. Biasness may even occur. People will certainly have better impressions towards those from elite schools. If those students are gathered in the room when they are wearing their own clothes, there wont be any difference as nobody knows where each one of them is studying. Therefore, impressions wont be formed based on the color of their uniforms anymore. Some students who are not in elite schools may even feel down when wearing the uniform, while some students in elite schools wear their uniform so proudly that they even wear it on public holidays. I have seen people from elite schools who are wearing their uniform on a Sunday) Also, school uniform wont be so effective in bridging the gap between the affluent students and the poorer students. There are other factors that have to be considered. For example, some students may bring expensive laptop computers to school to aid in their studies while some students are not even able to purchase a textbook. We could see the difference in them even though they are all wearing the same school uniform. *

Erbium Factsâ€Er Element Properties

Erbium Facts- Er Element Properties The element erbium or Er is a silvery-white, malleable  rare earth metal belonging to the lanthanide group. While you may not recognize this element on sight, you can credit the pink color of glass and man-made gems to its ion. Here are more interesting erbium facts: ErbiumBasic Facts Atomic Number: 68 Symbol: Er Atomic Weight: 167.26 Discovery: Carl Mosander 1842 or 1843 (Sweden) Electron Configuration: [Xe] 4f12 6s2 Word Origin: Ytterby, a town in Sweden (also the source of the name of the elements yttrium, terbium, and ytterbium) Interesting Erbium Facts Erbium was one of three elements found in yttria that Mosander separated from the mineral gadolinite. The three components were called yttria, erbia, and terbia. The components had similar names and properties, which became confusing. Mosanders erbia later became known as terbia, while the original terbia became erbia.Although erbium (along with several rare earths) was discovered in the mid-19th century, it was not isolated as a pure element until 1935 because the group of elements had such similar properties.  W. Klemm and H. Bommer purified erbium by reducing anhydrous erbium chloride with potassium vapor.Although a rare earth, erbium is not all that rare.  The element is the 45th most abundant in the Earths crust, at a level of about 2.8  mg/kg. It is found in seawater at concentrations of 0.9  ng/LThe price of erbium is approximately $650 per kilogram. Recent advances in ion-exchange extraction are bringing the price down while increasing uses of the element drive the pr ice up. Summary of Erbium Properties The melting point of erbium is 159 °C, the boiling point is 2863 °C, specific gravity is 9.066 (25 °C), and valence is 3. Pure erbium metal is soft and malleable with a bright silvery metallic luster. The metal is fairly stable in air. Uses of Erbium Recent studies indicate erbium may help stimulate metabolism. If the element has a biological function, it has yet to be identified. The pure metal is slightly toxic, while the compounds tend to be non-toxic to humans. The highest concentration of erbium in the human body is in bones.Erbium is used as a neutron absorber in the nuclear industry.It may be added to other metals to lower hardness and improve workability. In particular, it is a common addition to vanadium to make it softer.Erbium oxide is used as a pink colorant in glass and porcelain glaze. It is also used to add a pink color to cubic zirconia.The same pink ion used in glass and porcelain, Er3, is fluorescent and appears to glow under daylight and fluorescent light. Erbiums interesting optical properties make it useful for lasers (e.g., dental lasers) and optical fibers.Like related rare earth, erbium shows sharp absorption spectra bands in the near-infrared, visible, and ultraviolet light. Sources of Erbium Erbium occurs in several minerals, along with other rare earth elements. These minerals include  gadolinite, euxenite, fergusonite, polycrase, xenotime,  and blomstrandine. Following other purification processes, erbium is isolated from similar elements into the pure metal by  heating erbium oxide or erbium salts with calcium at 1450  °C in an inert argon atmosphere. Isotopes:  Natural erbium is a mix of six stable isotopes. 29 radioactive isotopes are also recognized. Element Classification: Rare Earth (Lanthanide) Density (g/cc): 9.06 Melting Point (K): 1802 Boiling Point (K): 3136 Appearance: soft, malleable, silvery metal Atomic Radius (pm): 178 Atomic Volume (cc/mol): 18.4 Covalent Radius (pm): 157 Ionic Radius: 88.1 (3e) Specific Heat (20 °C J/g mol): 0.168 Evaporation Heat (kJ/mol): 317 Pauling Negativity Number: 1.24 First Ionizing Energy (kJ/mol): 581 Oxidation States: 3 Lattice Structure: Hexagonal Lattice Constant (Ã…): 3.560 Lattice C/A Ratio: 1.570 Erbium Element References Emsley, John (2001). Erbium. Natures Building Blocks: An A-Z Guide to the Elements. Oxford, England, UK: Oxford University Press. pp. 136–139.  Patnaik, Pradyot (2003). Handbook of Inorganic Chemical Compounds. McGraw-Hill. pp. 293–295.Los Alamos National Laboratory (2001)Crescent Chemical Company (2001)Langes Handbook of Chemistry (1952)CRC Handbook of Chemistry Physics (18th Ed.)

The Crown Court Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

The Crown Court - Essay Example Summary offenses dealt with at the Magistrate Court include less serious ones such as traffic offenses or failure to pay taxes and will generally include all cases, including triable offenses, where the defendant has opted for a summary trial. However, the Crown Court hears those cases involving indictable offenses which include the category of serious offenses such as rape or murder. In so far as triable offenses are concerned, all offenses start at the Magistrate Court but the Crown Court deals with all those offenses which the Magistrate Court feels is so serious that only the Crown Court can with it, or where the defendant has requested for trial by jury. â€Å"Approximately ninety-six percent of criminal cases are dealt with summarily at a Magistrates Court.†2 A comparison of workloads of the two courts in terms of trials which was conducted in 1999 showed that â€Å"over four times as many trials took place in the magistrate's courts as in the Crown Court.†3 The q ualifications required to sit as a judge in a Crown Court is that the person in question must be a fully qualified solicitor or barrister and must have spent a minimum time of at least seven years in practice, after qualifying. In the case of magistrates, no formal training is advocacy is required and magistrates are drawn from a wide variety of backgrounds. Lay Magistrates only undergo a short period of training and the exhaustive legal qualification and practice requirements required of judicial authorities in the crown courts are not expected of them. They are appointed by Lord Chancellor on the advice of the local advisory committees. However, the advantage with lay magistrates is that they are sensitive to local conditions prevailing in the area where they serve.  While judicial officials receive a salary, magistrates are not paid and give their time on a voluntary basis to engage in the business of administration of justice.  

A Real Global Company Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

A Real Global Company - Assignment Example Walmart Company Introduction Walmart Company was founded in 1962 by Sam Walton. It officially entered the New York stock exchange in 1972. Walmart has its headquarters in Bentonville, Arkansas state. It is an international company specializing in grocery business. The company also owns Sam’s club retail warehouses which are widespread in most parts of North America. Currently, Walmart is located in more than 8000 locations worldwide. It is the largest private employer company in the world with more than 2 million employers. Walmart is headed by a president who is also the CEO. The company generates more than 400 hundred billions of revenue every year (Doole & Lowe, 2005). 1. Describe the main line of business of the company. Walmart is an international company mainly specializing in grocery business in several countries of the world. At initial stages, Doole and Lowe report that Walmart specialized mainly in clothes and a few food items (Doole & Lowe, 2005). However, some year s later, Taylor observes that the company added electronics and few grocery items (Taylor, 2009). Nowadays, Walmart is a versatile company specializing in food supplies, iPods game stations, children toys, computer parts, school supplies, kitchen supplies, jewelry, shampoo, hygiene products, beddings, vitamins supplements, family apparel, healthy and beauty aids, lawn and garden items, automotive products, home furnishings, hardware, sporting goods, pet supplies and house wares among other products (Evans & Wurster, 1997). 2. Names four of the countries in which the company operates. Walmart has more than 8000 stores in more than 10 countries in the world. Apart from in the United States, Walmart operates in other countries like the United Kingdom, Japan and India among others (Kerin, Hartley & Rudelius 2011). It is only in the United States where Walmart operates under its own name. In other countries, it operates under different names. For instance, it is referred to as â€Å"Asd a† in the United Kingdom, â€Å"Seiyu† in Japan and as â€Å"Best Price† in India (Doole & Lowe, 2005). Walmart was introduced in the United Kingdom and other European countries in 1999. It entered India in the same year (Taylor, 2009). By the year 2000, Walmart had been introduced in Japan and it spread to other Asian countries during the same period (Evans & Wurster, 1997). 3. Explains, in detail, the implementation of the 4P's marketing mix concept by the company. There are four main marketing considerations, referred to as 4Ps that can be embraced by any business company. These are product, price, promotion and distribution. Walmart has adopted all these considerations in ensuring that it operates effectively. To begin with, Walmart has ensured that it sells products of high quality-well designed, packaged, branded and labeled. This has helped in building brand loyalty (Kerin, Hartley & Rudelius 2011). Secondly, Walmart has adopted various pricing strategies for its product. Pricing is based on demand, value of goods and cost of production among other considerations (Taylor, 2009). Thirdly, Walmart ensures that its goods are distributed both directly (without using intermediaries) and indirectly (using intermediaries such as wholesalers and retailers) from the point of manufacture to that of consumption (Doole & Lowe, 2005). Lastly, Walmart uses effective promotion strategies in popularizing itself and

Maslow’s theory Essay Example for Free

Maslow’s theory Essay There is an interrelationship between Maslow’s theory and Herzberg’s theory. These two theories have a similarity in that both of them suggest employee satisfaction as a motivation factor. Form the above discussion, it is possible to tell that Herzberg cites esteem needs and self-actualization needs from Maslow’s theory as the motivators. Others needs do not cause motivation and failure to address them in the organization setting only leads to dissatisfaction. Criticisms Maslow’s theory Several criticisms exist about Maslow’s motivation theory. To begin with, there is limited scientific evidence if any to support the above theory. Furthermore, personal need priorities may not be in the order given by Maslow. For example, there is a possibility of social needs coming before security needs since one must belong to a society in the first place. Another criticism is that people do not necessarily satisfy each level of need at a time. Needs tend to conflict such that a person may be motivated to achieve different needs at the same time or make priorities depending on the urgency of each need. Maslow’s theory is therefore general and does not consider individual differences. Herzberg’s theory Herzberg’s theory does not also consider individual differences when analyzing factors that cause satisfaction and those that cause dissatisfaction. One dissatisfaction factor may be a motivator for someone else and vise versa. For example, increased responsibility could be a dissatisfier for someone who is resistant to change. Again Hertzber’s model is too simplistic and only addresses factors that people would consider normal motivational factors in any workplace setting. Describe goal setting theory. Explain how this theory can be applied to performance appraisal and compensation This is a motivational theory developed by Edwin Locke. It is actually an improvement of the final causality theory advanced by Aristotle which put forth that purpose can lead to action. According to Locke, an individual’s behavior is to a large extent influenced by their ambitions and goals (Latham and Locke, 2002). For this reason, goals significantly improve performance. Most individuals set goals in anticipation for something; usually a reward to be obtained after achieving the set goal. Goals can be said to affect performance in three different ways (Latham and Locke, 2002). Firstly, they narrow an individual’s attention so that all efforts are directed towards activities that are relevant to achieving the set goals. Similarly, irrelevant or undesirable activities are avoided. Secondly, goals increase effort as individuals strive to achieve the set goal so as to gain the expected reward. Thirdly, goals help individuals to develop persistence. In other words, they become more willing to work even in the midst of challenges and setbacks. Goal setting is guided by factors known as moderators (Latham and Locke, 2002). These include goal –commitment, attainability and self-efficacy. In order to attain a certain goal, an individual must be ready to face every challenge that he or she finds on the way. Commitment depicts the need to achieve no matter what the circumstances. Set goals must also be attainable so that individuals must not set goals that cannot be reached. Finally, self-efficacy must be present for goals to be achieved. This refers to the ability to act in a certain way so as to be able to achieve set objectives.